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MEDICAL ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: The prostate is part of the male reproductive system. It produces prostatic fluid, a component of semen that carries sperm during ejaculation. The urethra, a tube that carries urine from the bladder through the penis and out of the body, passes through the prostate. Prostate tissue is divided into several functional zones: the transition zone, central zone, and peripheral zone. The prostate consists of secretory glands and ducts surrounded by vibro-muscular tissue called the stroma. Throughout life, the male sex hormone, testosterone, influences prostate growth and development. Prostatic stromal cells express an enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Dihydrotestosterone binds to stromal cells, releasing signaling factors that stimulate prostatic cell division and growth. As men age, dihydrotestosterone can accumulate among prostate cells. In addition, circulating testosterone levels fall and estrogen levels rise. These hormonal changes may lead to excessive prostatic cell growth, characteristic of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. In benign prostatic hyperplasia, the glandular epithelium and stroma proliferate in the transition zone and form nodules that expand the tissue. Over time, the enlarged tissue compresses the urethra and prevents normal urination. In contrast, prostate cancer commonly occurs in the peripheral zone, in which the glandular epithelial cells mutate and divide in an uncontrolled manner. Many new abnormal glands and one or more malignant tumors develop. The large tumors may compress the urethra and disrupt the urine stream. In a process called metastasis, the tumor cells spread to tissues both near and distant from the prostate. Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia may include medications such as 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, which block the enzymatic conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. As a result, the excess stromal and epithelial growth stops, and the prostate shrinks. One treatment for prostate cancer is radical prostatectomy, a procedure in which the entire prostate and select surrounding tissues are surgically removed. Other treatments for prostate cancer include chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and other surgical procedures such as transurethral resection of the prostate, or TURP. ♪ [music] ♪
"I just wanted to let you know that after several days on trial, I settled
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the jury was discharged, I spoke with several jurors who told me that they
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Michael Gunzburg, Esq.
Attorney at Law.
New York, NY
"Whether it's demonstrating a rotator cuff tear, neck movement a few
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health-care and legal professionals.
Illustrations can be purchased 'as is' or modified within hours and sent
either electronically or mounted on posterboard. An illustration is worth a
thousand words, as juries perk up and look intently to capture concepts
that are otherwise too abstract. Start with good illustrations, a clear and
direct voice, a view of the jury as 12 medical students on day one of
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illustrations at the end of trial, as a means of visually reinforcing key
concepts covered.
As a treating physician, I also use these accurate illustrations to educate
my own patients about their medical conditions. The Doe Report is an
invaluable resource, and its authors at MLA have always been a pleasure to
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Richard E. Seroussi M.D., M.Sc.
Diplomate, American Boards of Electrodiagnostic Medicine and PM&R
Seattle Spine & Rehabilitation Medicine
www.seattlespine.info
"I have found that the personalized medical illustrations prepared by Medical
Legal Art have been very accurate and helpful. The medical doctors, both
treating physicians and expert witnesses, have commented on the accuracy and
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certainly say that the medical illustrations prepared by Medical Legal Art
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Paul L. Redfearn
The Redfearn Law Firm, P.C.
Kansas City, MO
"It is my experience that it's much more effective to show a jury what
happened than simply to tell a jury what happened. In this day and age where
people are used to getting information visually, through television and
other visual media, I would be at a disadvantage using only words.
I teach a Litigation Process class at the University of Baltimore Law Schooland use [Medical Legal Art's] animation in my class. Students always saythat they never really understood what happened to [to my client] until theysaw the animation.
Animations are powerful communication tools that should be used wheneverpossible to persuade juries."
Andrew G. Slutkin Snyder Slutkin & Kopec Baltimore, MD
Medical Legal Art creates medical demonstrative evidence (medical
illustrations, drawings, pictures, graphics, charts, medical animations,
anatomical models, and interactive presentations) for use during legal
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